University of Idaho - Research Portal

Are leaders more likely to face militarized challenges earlier in their tenure? Existing studies posit contradictory hypotheses: new leaders can both invite challengers to take advantage of their inexperience and deter challengers by their strong incentive to establish a reputation for resolve. This paper seeks to reconcile these competing propositions by developing an argument that centers on the direction of foreign policy preference change associated with leadership turnover. I argue that foreign adversaries are likely to challenge a new leader in their rival state only when the newcomer is perceived to be more hawkish than the predecessor. The perception of a heightened risk of conflict accompanied with the emergence of a more hawkish leader in the rival state gives foreign adversaries a stronger incentive to seek for an early confrontation in which they can (re)demonstrate their own position to the new hawk. In contrast, when the newcomer is perceived to be more dovish than the predecessor, optimistic expectations of future interactions tend to restrain foreign adversaries from provoking the new dove, whose reputation concerns are high. A series of statistical analyses on post-WWII dyadic rivalries with democratically elected leaders on the target side yield strong evidence that supports this conditional hypothesis.

Public Procurement of goods and services always was one of the principal element of e-procurement because it effects economic growth, describes governments' public services and national competitiveness, level of human capital growth in a long run. Furthermore, researching EU policy on e-procurement demands to observe legislature essence and technological models of e-procurement solutions because none of which has not been developed as the universal one yet. Basic European agreements on public procurements and trade, combining with the currently used public procurement models, force to develop a commonly used framework for all EU countries. Monitoring of EU e-procurement system as model for implementation at Eastern partnerships countries was also suggested.

Theory and theory testing are the underpinnings of Management research. This symposium consists of four presentations, each of which takes a critical stance on how Management scholars build and refine theories. Papers surrounding this topic may be widely applicable to a plethora of interest groups and subdisciplines, and the papers themselves may come from a variety of perspectives, as they will in this session. Within each presentation, authors review previous literature and offer best practices and insights to the issues plaguing Management literature.

Rethinking Abduction in Theory Building
Presenter: Robert Folger; U. of Central Florida
Presenter: Christopher M. Stein; Siena College
Presenter: Nicholas Connor Andriese; U. of Central Florida

Toward a Scholarship of Optimal and Instantiable Theories of Action
Presenter: Fabrice Cavarretta; ESSEC Business School
Presenter: Erwan Lamy; ESCP Business School

Extending Boundaries of Time-To-Event Analysis with Bathtub Curve and TTT Statistics
Presenter: Oleksandr Tsaruk; West Virginia U.
Presenter: Abhishek Srivastava; West Virginia U.

The Value of Management Theory: A Constructive Replication of Miner (2003)
Presenter: Emily Redler; U. of North Carolina, Charlotte
Presenter: Natalie Wilde; U. of North Carolina at Charlotte
Presenter: Kailey Meyer;
Presenter: Janaki Gooty; U. of North Carolina, Charlotte

Entrepreneurs are known to be different from managers. They are more susceptible to biases and heuristics in decision-making, but when they are part of a dyad with asymmetry of errors costs, both parties may be affected by gender-driven biases. Drawing upon error management theory, we propose that gender-driven biases are originated from their roles in dyads (entrepreneur and venture capitalist (E-VC), which are similar to the gender roles in couples. We propose a mechanism for enhancing decision-making accuracy in E-VC dyads by utilizing multi- level decision-making theory. The presence of shared mental models in E-VC dyads is proposed as the solution to mitigate the negative effect of gender-driven biases – overperception and commitment-skepticism biases. The paper is focused on E-VC dyads engaged in resource seeking and funding new ventures.

In this study, we use simulations to examine how varying hazard rates affect discrepancy in time-to-event analysis, which may result in model selection bias. The Cox proportional hazards model, which is semi-parametric, and the parametric survival regressions, are the main methodological tools used for time-to-event analysis in our field. However, they require careful statistical testing on the main assumption of proportionality of hazard or distribution shape. We show via simulation of firm survival data how varying hazard rates increase discrepancy between parametric and semi-parametric models leading to potentially biased interpretations of the model’s fit, effect size of predictors, and their significance level. We illustrate the advantages of TTT (total time on test) statistics in detecting the correct shape of the hazard function and the model selection based on it. We show how using TTT statistics ex-ante reduces the risk of model selection bias in a time-to-event analysis. Based on our results, we provide recommendations for scholars using time-to-event analysis.

The paper deals with phenomena arising from radical disruptions in numerous spheres of human activity that challenge the conventional understanding of security. Authors endeavour to contribute to understanding of these changes and the emerging paradigm. The notions of cyber security, information security in relation to the cyber-physical systems security, and information security in broader sense which describes safeguarding the information flows to cyberspace and media were considered. Authors explore modern manifestations of these threats, and then dive into the hybrid nature of the threats to cyber- and information security, describing cyber threats and cyber attacks as merged with existing ‘conventional’ techniques. The examination of hybrids threats - the cyber leverages to diplomacy, the practice of cyber retaliation, cyber sabotage and espionage, cyber weapons and the cyber arms race - was given.

A method of quick set up of PSTN modem connection is proposed. The method of quick set up of PSTN modem connection comprises: setting access to the data channel, identifying channel characteristics, configuring PSTN modems depending on the characteristics of the channel, configuring echo compensators of PSTN modems, negotiating the connection protocol and data transfer between PSTN modems according to the configuration using the agreed protocol where: data transmission is carried out in duplex mode with the separation of signals of reception and transmission by echo compensation, identification of channel characteristics and adjustment of the echo compensator of each of the PSTN modems is performed, respectively, when receiving and transmitting at least one training sequence by each PSTN modem, access to the data channel is carried out by sending call by PSTN modem, which contains the training sequence and connection parameters for negotiation, where using a multiple access protocol, when each of the PSTN modems is connected to the data channel asynchronously, without agreeing on the time of connection and without the need to pre-allocate the roles of calling and responding modems.

In this study, we draw on the competitive dynamics perspective to research a focal firm’s competitive action following a rival firm’s misconduct. We argue that rival misconduct creates a window of opportunity for the focal firm to capitalize on the situation by taking more aggressive actions; however, the focal firm must also consider whether doing so may evoke potential negative spillovers. We identify two conditions under which concerns about spillover effects may prompt the focal firm to restrain its actions: (1) when the rival and the focal firm’s competitive actions have shown high action concurrency, and/or (2) when their competitive action repertoires exhibit significant similarity. We hypothesize a positive relationship between a rival firm’s involvement in a public misconduct and a focal firm’s subsequent intensity of competitive actions. In addition, we hypothesize that this positive relationship will be less pronounced if the two firms have high action concurrency, or if the two firms show higher action repertoire similarity.